Panduan Service Monitor II BLOK DIAGRAM MONITOR

BLOK DIAGRAM MONITOR

Sebelum menginjak ke pembelajaran troubleshooting monitor CRT berikut ini akan saya coba gambarkan diagram blok dari monitor CRT. coba baca dan lihat serta cermati bagan dibawah ini :

klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar gambar ......



1. BLOK VIDEO / RGB :

a. VIDEO INPUT : masukan sinyal yg biasanya didapat dari VGA monitor, sinyal ini terbagi menjadi sinyal merah (RED), sinyal hijau (GREEN), dan sinyal biru (BLUE).
b. VIDEO AMPS : bagian yang berfungsi menguatkan sinyal video yang didapat dari VGA dan di bagian ini terdapat pengaturan kontras.
c. VIDEO DRIVER : bagian ini berfungsi untuk pengaturan warna drive (gambar), dan pengaturan warna background layar.


2. SYNCRONISASI GAMBAR

a. Syncrone Input (Horisontal dan Vertikal Syncrone dari VGA Card) oleh IC Sinkron
b. Clamper (Rangkaian Penggenggam / pembawa sinyal video) oleh IC Sinkron
c. Syncrone Out Put (Masuk ke rangkaian Vertikal dan Horisontal)

3. VERTIKAL

a. Vertikal Oscilator (oleh IC Vertikal)
b. Vertikal Driver (oleh IC Vertikal)
c. Vertikal Amplifier (oleh IC Vertikal)
d. Vertikal Out Put (Masuk ke Vertikal Defleksi Yoke)

4. HORISONTAL

a. Horisontal Oscilator (oleh IC Oscilator Horisontal)
b. Horisontal Driver (oleh Transistor)
c. Horisontal Amplifier (oleh Transistor Horisontal)
d. Horisontal Out Put (Masuk ke Horisontal Defleksi Yoke dan Pin 1 FLYBACK)

5. POWER SUPPLY UNIT

a. AC Input (dari PLN)
b. Penyearah dan Filter (oleh Dioda dan Elco)
c. Rangkaian Triger (oleh IC Triger / pembangkit sinyal)
d. Converter tegangan tinggi (oleh FET dan STR)
e. Transformator StepDown (Penurun Tegangan)
f. Rangkaian Out Put (oleh dioda, elco, dan IC)

6. TABUNG CRT

a. Filament / Heater (Pemanas Elektron)
b. Katoda R, G, dan B (Penghasil elektron)
c. G1 (Brightnes)
d. G2 (Screen)
e. G3 / G4 (Fokus)
f. Anoda (yang terhubung dengan kop karet flyback
g. Defleksi Yoke Horisontal dan Vertikal

7. FLYBACK TUBE (FBT)

Fly Back pada prinsipnya sama persis dengan trafo, yang membedakan adalah FBT memiliki dua fungsi trafo yaitu sebagai penaik tegangan dan juga penurun tegangan.
a. Rangkaian Primer (Colector, B+)
b. Rangkaian Sekunder (G1, Ground, AFC)
c. ABL (Automatic Brgihtnes Linier)


BERSAMBUNG KE CARA KERJA MONITOR CRT

Panduan Service Monitor II PENGENALAN MONITOR

PENGENALAN MONITOR

Monitor adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menampilkan output dari data yang diproses di komputer.

Jenis-jenis Monitor

1. CRT : Cathode Rays Tube (tabung katoda sebagai alat penampil gambar)

2. LCD : Liquid Crystal Display (cairan kristal sebagai alat penampil gambar)



Jenis-jenis Monitor CRT

1. MDA : Monochrome Display Adapter (tidak berwarna). Tahun pembuatan 1986.



2. CGA : Colour Graphic Adapter (berwarna tapi tidak bisa untuk OS Windows) Tahun pembuatan 1987.

3. EGA : Enhanced Graphic Array (berwarna, tidak bisa untuk OS Windows) Tahun pembuatan 1990.



4. VGA : Video Graphic Array (berwarna & bisa untuk OS Windows, belum bisa Full Screen) Tahun 1992.



5. SVGA : Super Video Graphic Array (berwarna & bisa untuk OS Windows, Full Screen) Tahun 1997 – sekarang.

Digital camera psu batteries charger

DIGITAL CAMERA PSU AND BATTERIES CHARGER Circuit

This ambit was created for agenda cameras. It's accepted the agenda cameras accept ample ability consumption. For archetype my camera Minolta E223 requires about 800 mA. In convenance a mains ability accumulation or aerial accommodation NiMH accumulators (batteries) can amuse this demand.

This ambit consists of two parts, charger and adapter. The transformer, rectifier arch and absorber condensator are common. Adapter is absolutely artlessly its capital allotment is an adjustable voltage regulator LM 317 according to accepted setting. Output is a acceptable for camera jack plug. Voltage can be adapted in ambit 2-9 V.

In the charger ambit a 7805 anchored voltage regulator works as accepted architect assured connected accepted during charging. This charging accepted can be adapted with the 100 /1W potentiometer in ambit about 50-300 mA adumbrated by a baby accepted barometer instrument. From one to four batteries can be answerable simultaneously. The about-face charge be set according to cardinal of batteries, and charging accepted of batteries accustomed by architect charge be adjusted. This ambit doesn't admeasurement charging time and charging action of batteries. Manufacturers accord charging time, usually 14-16 h. I apparent this botheration with a simply, bargain automated mains timer. I anticipate its accurateness is sufficient.

Photo Timer Using 555 Microchip circuits

Photo Timer Circuit Using 555 Microchip

Time is set by potentiometer R2 which provides a range or 1 sec. To 100 seconds with timing capacitor C1 of 100uF. The output at pin 3 is normally low and the relay is held off. A momentary push on switch S1 energies the relay which is held closed for a time 1.1 X (R1+R2). C1 and then released. The exact length of the timing interval will depend on the actual capacitance of C1. Most electrolytic capacitors are rated on the basis of minimum guaranteed value and the actual value may be higher. The circuit should be calibrated for various positions of the control knob of R2 after the timing capacitor has had a chance to age. Once the capacitor has reached its stable value, the timings provided should be well within the photographic requirements.

Photo Timer Circuit Using 555 Microchip Parts List :

C1 - 100uF, 25V electrolytic
C2 - 0.01uF, disc ceramic
D1, D2 - DR50 or 1N4001
R!,R2 - 10K ohms, ¼ watts
R3 - 1 M ohms, potentiometer
RLY1 - 12V, DC relay, operating current less than 200mA
S1 - Push-to-on switch
U1 - NE555 timer IC

P1 & P2 are for exposure lamp ckt.

Nestbox Solar Wireless CCTV Camera Circuit

D1 is a Schottky Diode used to prevent battery charge escaping through the solar panel at night. Something like a 1N5817 (1 Amp 20 Volt diode) will do the job and it has a very low voltage drop of under 0.45 Volts. D2 and D3 are ultrabright LEDs used to illuminate the inside of the nestbox. R3 and R4 are resistors chosen (400+ Ohms) to ensure that no more than 30mA of current gets to the sensitive LEDs, with R5 (a 10k variable resistor) used to increase the resistance and therefore dim the LED s if they are too bright.The LM317T is a voltage regulator * used to bring the voltage of the solar panel and batteries down to just over 8 volts using resistors R1 (270 Ohm) and R2 (1500 Ohm) to set this value. K is the wireless CCTV camera. A switch (not labelled) is used to manually turn the camera on and off as required.

DC To AC Inverter Simple

SKEMA RANGKAIAN INVERTER DC TO AC

List of components: Part Total Qty. Description Substitutions C1, C2 68 UF, 25 V Tantalum Capacitor R1, R2 10 Ohm, 5 Watt resistor R3, R4 180 Ohm, 1 Watt resistor D1, D2 Hep 154 Silicon diode Q1, Q2 2N3055 NPN transistors (see "Notes") T1 24V, Center Tapped Transformer (see "Notes") MISC 1 Wire, Case, Receptical (For Output]

q1, q2, and t1 is the size of the pad watt generated, you can use a larger transistor to obtain more resources than most as well as also for transformator. here t1 using 15 ampere, with a series like this generated power 300 watt. to change the output voltage can wind your own coil secondary t1, Exchange twist for a larger voltage. attach the output of the fuse.

DC To AC Inverter with ic 555

Series of DC-AC inverter produces AC output voltage as voltage net. IC 555 configured as a low frequency oscillator. Frequency can be changed from 50 to 60 Hz with a frequency potensio meter change R4.

This DC-to-AC inverter schematic produces an AC output at line frequency and voltage. The 555 is configured as a low-frequency oscillator, tunable over the frequency range of 50 to 60 Hz by Frequency potentiometer R4.

The 555 feeds its output (amplified by Q1 and Q2) to the input of transformer T1, a reverse-connected filament transformer with the necessary step-up turns ratio. Capacitor C4 and coil L1 filter the input to T1, assuring that it is effectively a sine wave. Adjust the value of T1 to your voltage.

The output (in watts) is up to you by selecting different components.

Input voltage is anywhere from +5V to +15Volt DC, adjust the 2700uF cap's working voltage accordingly.
Replacement types for Q1 are: TIP41B, TIP41C, NTE196, ECG196, etc. Replacement types for Q2 are: TIP42B, TIP42C, NTE197, ECG197, etc. Don't be afraid to use another type of similar specs, it's only a transistor... ;-)

Parts List:

R1 = 10K
R2 = 100K
R3 = 100 ohm
R4 = 50K potmeter, Linear
C1,C2 = 0.1uF
C3 = 0.01uF
C4 = 2700uF
Q1 = TIP41A, NPN, or equivalent
Q2 = TIP42A, PNP, or equivalent
L1 = 1uH
T1 = Filament transformer, your choice

If the whole thing is working, good. If not, relax and don't get frustrated. Do the following checks:

1. You have connected the filament transformer in REVERSE yes?
2. If not, disconnect the power and reverse. If you have, disconnect the transformer and measure the voltage after L1 and ground.
3. Just in case, GROUND for this circuit is same as negative (-).
4. Q1/Q2 are oposites, e.i. npn/pnp.
5. Is your 555 perhaps defective? Disconnect R3 from pin 3 and check pin 3 for a pulse.
6. Check your transistors to make sure they are not defective.

Error fix: Pin 7 and 2 were reversed. Original pinout was correct.

Inverter 24VDC to 220VAC II 100 watt

100Watt Inverter 24VDC to 220VAC II diagram Scheme

Built based on IC CD4047 and Mosfet IRF540, this inverter have ability to supply electronic device -which require 220VAC- up to 100w from 2-3A transformer.

Audio Power Indicator circuits

Component List of Audio Power Indicator:

R1_____________220R 1/2W Resistor
R2,R5,R6,R8____100R 1/4W Resistors
R10,R12,R14____100R 1/4W Resistors
R3_____________220R 1/4W Resistor
R4,R7__________330R 1/2W Resistors
R9_____________560R 1/2W Resistor
R11____________820R 1/2W Resistor
R13______________1K2 1/2W Resistor

D1___________1N4004 400V 1A Diode
D2,D4,D6__BZX79C2V7 2.7V 500mW Zener Diodes
D3,D5,D7,D8,D9,D10 Red LEDs (Any dimension and shape) (See Notes)


Notes:

* The output power indicated by each LED must be doubled when 4 Ohms loads are driven.
* The circuit can be adapted to suit less powerful amplifiers by reducing the number of LEDs and related voltage dividers.
* LEDs of any dimension can be used, but rectangular shaped devices will be more suitable to be compacted in bars or columns.
* For a stereo amplifier, two identical circuits are required.

Mosfet Audio Amplifier 70 Watt

Distortion measurement.
Harmonic distortion, measured at 300mV rms input.
The 20Hz figures are not very accurate, maybe plus or minus 10dB.

Frequency....2nd-harmonic....3rd harmonic
20Hz............-114dB............-124dB
1kHz............-116dB............-129dB
5kHz............-107dB............-116dB
7.5kHz..........-106dB
10kHz...........-102dB

Digital Volume Control circuits

This series is the volume of the digital amplifier that is used on or tone control. This series using ic type DS1669 Digital Pot IC specifically for this match volume.rangkaian settings used at the middle-class amplifier that small powerless under 50 watts.

volum11

components: C1 = 0.1uf Ceramic, IC = IC DS1669 Digital Pot, S1 / S2 = digital swicth

Or you can use the series to this one:

volum2

The Work: The digital volume control IC uses 9. Required to operate the series voltage regulator is 12 Volt. IC1 (555) is very good to work as a flip-flop. Frequensi or period can be determined with memilh value of resistor R44, R45 is combined with a capacitor C6. In this series has a 0.3 second period.

IC2 is used to increase or decrease the calculation. In the series of this mode is used to raise up and down mode is used to decrease the volume. While IC4 and IC3 has a 16-channel, analogue multiplexers, while working as an analog switch. IC3 is used as in the series of level indicator while IC4 is used as potensiometer.

After the next power in the on-kan, and the switch S1 is pressed to reset. When the switch S2 is pressed, the IC2 and the balance in the form of output ditanggapi legs B, C, and D in CMOS IC2. Output B, C and D control line inputs IC2 and IC3, and the chosen one, the output 16-channel, by turning on the analogue.

In this series, IC4 is used as potensiometer that is connected to the resistor 15 (R9 to R23) each of the 16 input pins and resistor / capacitor combination with C2, C3 and R7 to the output. Switch S2 is used to raise and switch S3 is used to decrease the volume.

Electrolyte capacitor of 1uF (C4) is used utnuk prevent the occurrence of noise. While the R8 and the resistor R6 is used to prevent tension on the half-supply voltage in order to avoid distortion of the audio signal coming from the preamplifier. Meanwhile, capacitor C2, C3 and resistor R7 is provided to filter the audio. Happy work, hopefully successfully.

COMPONENT LIST :

R1, 2, 3, 4	: 560R	R16	: 1,5K	R45	: 150K
R5	: 680R	R17	: 3,3K	C1	: 0,01uF
R6, 8	: 100K	R18	: 5,6K	C2, 3	: 100nF
R7	: 1M	R19	: 8,2K	C4	: 1uF/50V
R9	: 10R	R20	: 15K	C5	: 100nF
R10	: 12R	R21	: 33K	IC1	: 555
R11	: 42R	R22	: 56K	IC2	: 74193
R12	: 100R	R23	: 1,5M	IC3	: CD4067
R13	: 220R	R24…R39	: 560R	IC4	: CD4067
R14	: 470R	R40..R43	: 4,7K	IC5	: 7805
R15	: 820R	R44	: 330K	IC6 N1-N4)	: 7407

Car audio BCL 20W Amplifier

TDA2005 Amplifier Car audio BCL 20W Scheme Circuit

PCB TDA2005 Amplifier Car audio BCL 20W

circuit TDA2005 Amplifier Car audio BCL 20W

The Circuit TDA2005 Amplifier for Car audio BCL 20W.
Volt supply 11V to 14V, Power output 10W+10W#, for Speaker 2-8 ohm. This is the best car audio amplifier.

Mosfet 300 Watt Audio Power Amplifier

300 Watt MOSFET Audio Power Amplifier

I will share my experience with the BUZ902DP with other fans to share my passion for this minimalist perfection.I amplifier for the durable, easy to use, while the high fidelity to the original sound source and advise the partnership, this amplifier with other products of excellent quality.
When I began the design of this amp, my goal was to make a product better suited for the reproduction of complex music and voice. Although I emphasize the high electrical properties, the most important requirement is to create a superior sound, vivid images and superb spatial aural clarity.
Although the average level of listening is usually less than 10 watts, my design concept was to an amplifier with plenty of reserves, but the deviation is for Class A, at the height of the audience of cross-over distortion at a very low level.
There is no place in the pathway, enhances the precision of the tonal characteristics of instruments and voices clearly.
The BUZ902DP is virtually zero phase distortion over the audio range resolution is perfect and completely color the sound.

Amplifier Specification:
Maximum Output: 240 watts rms into 8 Ohms, 380 watts rms into 4 Ohms
Audio Frequency Linearity: 20 Hz – 20 kHz (+0, -0.2 dB)
Closed Loop Gain: 32 dB
Hum and Noise: -90 dB (input short circuit)
Output Offset Voltage: >13 mV (input short circuit)
Phase Linearity: > 13 0 (10 Hz – 20 kHz)
Harmonic Distortion: > 0.007% at rated power
IM Distortion: > .009% at maximum power

120 Watt Audio Power Amplifier Circuit

IC TDA7294 120 Watt Audio Power Amplifier Circuit

Amplifer with IC number TDA7293 for process sound system. This amplifer was have the input for a radio, TV, stereo or other line level device. It also has a phono input for a record player, guitar, microphone or other un-amplified source. With the addition of a low pass filter at the input, it makes a great amp for a small subwoofer.

Parts

R : 660 Ohm 1/4 W Resistor = 2 pcs.
R : 22K 1/4 W Resistor = 5 pcs.
R : 10K 1/4 W Resistor = 1 pcs.
R : 30K 1/4 W Resistor = 1 pcs.
C : 2200uF 35V Electrolytic Capacitor = 2 pcs.
C : 0.22uF Capacitor = 2 pcs.
C : 22uF Capacitor = 4 pcs.
C : 0.45uF Capacitor = 2 pcs.
U1,2 : TDA7294 100W DMOS AUDIO AMPLIFIER WITH MUTE/ST-BY

T1 : 50V Center Tapped 5 Amp Transformer
S1 : SPST 3 Amp Switch
S2 : DPDT Switch
F1 : 2 Amp Fuse
SPKR1 : 8 Ohm 120W Speaker
MISC : Case, Knobs, Line Cord, Binding Posts Or Phono Plugs (For Input And Output), Heatsinks For Q1 And Q2

Stereo Gain Audio Trimer Control Circuit

Audio Gain Control With Digital Potentiometers

Stereo Gain Audio Trim Control Circuit

This circuit using the MAX5160L digital pot in a divider chain supplying the MAX4252 op amp with some positive feedback in addition to the usual negative feedback via the 100K and 50K resistors. The gain of this circuit can be shown to be:

AV = (1-Kn)/(Kp-Kn)

where Kn is the negative feedback fraction, Kp the positive feedback fractions (for the example in Figure 4, Kn = 100K/(100K + 50K) or 2/3, and Kp is variable).

When the MAX5160L wiper is positioned at the VREF terminal, the gain of the circuit is -0.5V/V, as there is no positive feedback contribution. When the wiper is at mid scale, Kp = 0.5, and the gain is now -2V/V. Hence, by using those 17 positions between VREF and midscale the gain can be varied over a ±6dB range. The 15 unused positions have been traded off for repeatability, as the gain value does not depend upon the digital pot resistance tolerance, as did the circuit of Figure 1. The gain tolerance is now only limited by the ±1% 100K/50K resistors, and the INL/DNL error of the MAX5160L (±4.6% max.).

An interesting point to note, the limit for stability in this circuit is reached when Kp ≥ 2/3, when the positive feedback fraction meets or exceeds the negative. The host processor controlling the MAX5160L should therefore prevent this situation occurring.

The circuit in Figure 5 shows an obvious appraoch to a 'traditional' style volume control using digital pots. All codes are valid, with settings ranging from 0dB to full attenuation. Table 1 shows the calculated attenuations based on the MAX5160L's 32 steps.

DOWNLOAD KUMPULAN RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA | KUMPULAN SKEMA RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA

Sebenarnya banyak sekali rangkaian-rangkaian elektronika yang berguna untuk kehidupan sehari-hari, industri, komputerisasi serta untuk kemajuan teknologi. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa bidang ilmu yang paling menyumbang dalam kemajuan teknologi akhir-akhir ini adalah bidang ilmu elektronika. Berikut cakupan dari rangkaian-rangkaian elektronika :

1. Rangkaian elektronika dasar
2. Rangkaian elektronika terapan
3. Rangkaian elektronika sensor
4. Rangkaian elektronika daya
5. Rangkaian elektronika telekomunikasi
6. Rangkaian elektronika analog
7. Rangkaian elektronika digital dan komputerisasi
8. Rangkaian elektronika...dst

I. RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA DASAR

Rangkaian elektronika dasar adalah rangkaian elektronika yang berhubungan dengan dasar-dasar ilmu elektronika atau teori dasar elektronika. Dalam cakupan ini rangkaian-rangkaian yang dibangun merupakan rangkaian yang sederhana. Sehingga untuk para pemula yang ingin belajar mengalisa atau memahami serta membangun rancang rangkaian elektronika harus banyak mempelajari rangkaian-rangkaian elektronika dasar ini. Lihat beberapa contoh rangkaian elektronika dasar serta prinsip kerjanya disini...

II. RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA TERAPAN

Adalah penerapan atau lanjutan dari rangkaian elektronika dasar. Sehingga sudah bisa disimpulkan bahwa pada jenis rangkaian ini memerlukan analisa dan pemahaman yang lebih.

III. RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA SENSOR

Selain bidang komunikasi dan komputerisasi, bidang ilmu elektronika sensor merupakan salah satu penyumbang yang besar dalam mendorong kemajuan teknologi. Rangkaian elektronika sensor pada dasarnya adalah pemanfaatan perubahan kondisi lingkungan yang berupa perubahan sifat-sifat dari suatu benda atau materi yang bisa dirasakan atau diindrakan oleh suatu komponen elektronika. Komponen elektronika yang berfungsi untuk meng-indrakan tersebut disebut sebagai komponen sensor contoh :

- LDR (meng-indrakan perubahan intensitas cahaya)
- Foto Dioda dan Foto Transistor (meng-indrakan sinar infra merah)
- PTC dan NTC (meng-indrakan perubahan suhu)
- Mic pada ultrasonic (meng-indrakan perubahan suara)
- dan banyak lagi komponen-komponen sensor yang sekarang ditemukan

Komponen sensor ini kemudian dimanfaatkan untuk membangun suatu rangkaian sensor dengan bermacam-macam bentuk dan variasi sesuai dengan tuntutan kebutuhan. Anda bisa lihat beberapa contoh rangkaian sensor sederhana di sini... dan disini juga

IV. RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA DAYA

Adalah merupakan jenis rangkaian elektronika yang berhubungan dengan bidang pemanfaatan atau penggunaan daya yang besar. Pada jenis rangkaian ini biasanya rancang bangun rangkaian tidak terlalu rumit dan tidak membutuhkan ketelitian yang lebih.

V. RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA TELEKOMUNIKASI

Menurut saya yang paling memberikan kontribusi yang paling besar dalam kemajuan teknologi akhir-akhir ini adalah rangkaian elektronika telekomunikasi. Bayangkan jika pada awal abad ke-20 kebanyakan orang baru bisa menerima atau mengirim suatu informasi membutuhkan waktu berhari-hari sekarang bisa dilakukan dalam hitungan detik.

Orang tua yang dulu hanya bisa melihat wajah anaknya yang sekolah diluar kota atau luar negeri satu tahun sekali sekarang bisa bertatap pandang kapanpun diinginkan. Selain itu banyak sekali contoh-contoh kegunaan dari rangkaian elektronika komunikasi ini yang bisa sekarang kita nikmati seperti adanya penerapan wi-fi pada jaringan komputer sehingga anda bisa berkoneksi dengan internet dimanapun tanpa penggunaan kabel.

RANGKAIAN ELEKTRONIKA DST...

Untuk mempelajari beberapa contoh prinsip kerja rangkaian elektronika anda bisa mencarinya dalam blog-koe ini. Semoga bermanfaat !!!

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Frost Detector Temperature Sensor Circuit

To know whether it is freezing you only need to measure the temperature. This has to be done accurately, of course, and therefore we need to choose a temperature sensor that we have some confidence in. The choice has again been made for a type that we have already used in many previous Elektor circuits, theLM35CZ (-40 to 110 °C). This sensor is not expensive and generates an output voltage that is proportional to the temperature in degrees Celsius (10 mV/°C).

Sensor
An LM35 is normally powered from a single-ended power supply and 0 °C corresponds to an output voltage of 0 V. It is therefore not possible to measure negative temperatures with an LM35 in the standard application circuit. It is however possible to measure negative temperatures if its output is connected to a negative supply voltage via a resistor. There needs to be a current of 50 μA through this resistor (R2 in the schematic).

We only need to detect the freezing point with this circuit. That is why there is a comparator after thetemperature sensor, which turns an LED on if the temperature has dropped below 0 °C during the course of the night. To ensure that the comparator operates properly it is necessary that the measurement value can become slightly more negative with respect to the input. To solve this problem, a diode (D1) has been connected in series with the ground connection of the LM35. The voltage drop across D1 (because of the small current through the LM35 this is only 0.47 V) acts as 'negative' power supply. Since the non-inverting input of comparatorIC2 is connected via R3 to the anode of D1 it functions as the 0°C-reference level for the comparator.

Comparator
The comparator is a standard opamp type TLC271, which we configured for minimal current consumption by
connecting the bias-select input (pin 8) to the power supply voltage. There is no need for the detector to be fast and it will therefore work well with the opamp operating in its most economical mode.

LED D3 provides the frost indication. It is the intention that the LED stays on once the temperature in the room drops below freezing or when it has been below freezing. To realise this, an asymmetric hysteresis is created with the aid of R3, R4 and D2. The instant that the output goes high, the non-inverting input goes more positive via D2 and R4, and the output therefore stays high. The temperature would now have to increase to more than about 30° before the LED will go out by itself. In practice this probably means that it is summer and that it is not likely to freeze anyway. If need be, the hysteresis can be increased by increasing the value of R3.

Capacitor C2 is added to make sure that the LED remains off (the circuit is reset) when the power supply is connected. The non-inverting input of the opamp is briefly connected to ground and the output is therefore low. R1 and S1 are only required if the circuit needs to be reset when the battery is connected. Instead of S1 you could also use a power supply switch or even just simply disconnect the battery for a moment.

Thrifty Power supply
Since the circuit is assumed to be powered from a battery there was a conscious effort to minimise the power consumption. The current consumption of the prototype, at a power supply voltage ranging from 6 to 9 V, was less than 120 μA. When the LED is on, the current consumption rises to only 1 mA at 6V and 1.8 mA at 9V, because a low current LED is used. In our prototype we used a green, low-current LED.

If four AA penlight batteries (with a capacity of about 2 Ah) are used, then the circuit will run for about two years in standby mode. When the LED is on this is considerably shorter, of course (about two months, this is easily long enough to run through a severe winter period). A standard 9-V battery will also last a single winter, provided you frequently check whether the LED is on.

Finally, a comment about the TLC-271CP used here. The version with the C-suffix is specified for an operating range from 0 to 70 °C, but will continue to work at lower temperatures, particularly considering that the IC is not used in a linear application. If in doubt you can always try to get your hands on a version with the I-suffix (that is, TLC271IP: –40 to 125°C). But that is only necessary if you expect it to be real cold in the monitored room...

Quick assembly
The circuit contains very few parts and can therefore be easily built on a small piece of prototyping board. There is no need to calibrate anything, once built it is ready to go. Author: Ton Giesberts, Elektor Magazine, 2008.

Rangkaian FM Wireless HI-FI

To relieve you of any concern related to high frequency, I used a module ready, in case a module Aurel audio FM transmitter. This tiny circuit board with 2 cm by 4 cm supports a transmitter modulation frequency track, delivering an RF power of 10 mW which is quite sufficient for the desired use. As it is driven by a resonator surface wave, its frequency stability is excellent.

As you can see the review of the scheme, the module can stand alone even for some HF itself since it lacks power and a network of pre-emphasis R7, R8, C6, designed to improve quality transmission of higher frequencies.

Schematic of the transmitter

The input level required by the circuit to achieve a sufficient modulation rate of 100 mV rms, a preamplifier is necessary for our microphone. It is the role of IC1, mounted on a very classic inverting amplifier with adjustable gain through P1.

The provided microphone is a model electret with its supply circuit formed by R1, R2 and C1, but you might as well use a conventional dynamic mic, or an external electret microphone with its integrated power supply in which case R1, R2 and C1 disappear.

2. Receiver

As to the transmitter, I used a module Aurel, which is an FM audio receiver. It also appears as a tiny circuit board containing all the components of the receiver, equipped with a squelch circuit or quiet as I put to good use.

As illustrated, the audio output takes place on the leg 10 of the module and should be désaccentuée through capacitor C4 to offset the effect of pre-emphasis circuit used in the show. The AF level issued by the module may be insufficient for some high fidelity amplifiers or mixers certain: it is only 100 mV in the best cases I amplifies a bit through rose IC1 very classic.

Schematic of receiver

In order not to saturate the amplifier or mixer that follows, the adjustable potentiometer P1 can measure the level applied to it.

This preamplifier is fed continuously as the module Aurel but instead receives its power through the leg 18 of the latter. This output is in fact controlled by the internal circuit noise and is connected to power when the circuit noise estimates have detected a valid issue. The operating threshold of the muffler is adjustable and is obviously the role of the potentiometer P2 is the only external control of the receiver.

The food in turn must be regulated to 5 volts, which is made by IC2 which can receive input from 9 to 15 volts from such amplifier associated with a block or sector-style outlet . The low power consumption of the arrangement (of the order of 30 mA) makes this power supply.

TEKNIK MENYOLDER

TEKNIK MENYOLDER

Dalam praktek elektronika, memasang atau melepas komponen diperlukan solder. Menyolder harus ada teknik dan cara-cara tertentu. Tidak boleh asal menyolder karena hasilnya bisa jadi tidak memuaskan atau rangkaian menjadi tidak bekerja sesuai dengan semestinya. Menyolder adalah kemampuan yang penting didalam elektronika.

Tiap titik sambungan komponen harus disolder. Penyolderan yang tidak sempurna dapat menyebabkan rangkaian tidak bekerja.

Teknik menyolder adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Pilih solder yang berdaya 60-80 Watt untuk hasil yang sempurna.

2. Buatlah tatakan untuk menyolder jika diperlukan.

3. Gunakan timah yang bagus untuk hasil yang sempurna.

4. Sebelum kawat (kaki) komponen disolder, lebih baik dibersihkan / dikerik dulu dengan cutter untuk memudahkan menempelnya timah pada kawat / kaki komponen tersebut.

5. Pastikan solder sudah panas untuk memulai penyolderan

6. Pasang kaki komponen pada PCB kemudian tempelkan mata solder pada kawat / kaki komponen sebentar (agar panas dan memudahkan timah menempel), kemudian tempelkan timah sedikit demi sedikit sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Jangan terlalu banyak karena hasilnya menjadi tidak rapi. Ujung solder dan ujung timah menempel pada pad PCB dengan arah berlawanan. Jangan memberikan timah yang terlalu banyak.





Berikut posisi yang salah yang membuat hasil solderan tidak maksimal.



7. Selesai.

Mengukur Tegangan AC, DC, dan jalur PCB

Mengukur Tegangan AC

1. Pastikan yang diukur adalah tegangan AC
2. Putar batas ukur ke arah ACV dengan batas ukur yang lebih tinggi dari tegangan yang diukur. Misalnya tegangan yang di ukur 200 VAC maka batas ukurnya adalah 250 VAC.
3. Hubungkan probe ke masing-masing kutub sumber tegangan (bolak balik sama)
4. Lihat penunjukan jarum pada papan skala.



Mengukur Tegangan DC

1. Pastikan yang diukur adalah tegangan DC
2. Putar batas ukur ke arah DCV dengan batas ukur yang lebih tinggi dari tegangan yang diukur. Misalnya tegangan yang di ukur 200 VDC maka batas ukurnya adalah 250 VDC.
3. Hubungkan probe ke masing-masing kutub sumber tegangan yaitu probe merah ke kutub positif dan probe hitam ke kutub negatif.
4. Lihat penunjukan jarum pada papan skala.



Mengetes Putus Tidaknya Sebuah Penghantar / Jalur Pcb

1. Putar batas ukur pada Ohm meter X1 / X10
2. Hubungkan probe ke masing-masing ujung jalur / penghantar yang akan dites.
3. Kalau jarum bergerak menunjuk nol, berarti kabel / jalur OK, dan sebaliknya.

MENGENAL & MENGUKUR KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIKA TRANSFORMATOR

8. TRANSFORMATOR

Trafo tersusun dari gulungan kawat primer dan sekunder yang dililitkan pada inti besi. Trafo bisa bekerja hanya dengan tegangan AC.

Jenis trafo adaptor ada 2 :

1. TRAFO STEP DOWN (untuk menurunkan tegangan)
2. TRAFO STEP UP (untuk menaikkan tegangan)

Trafo yang kita pelajari nantinya adalah jenis yang stepdown.





FLYBACK JUGA TERMASUK JENIS TRAFO HANYA SAJA BENTUKNYA MEMANG AGAK LAIN :



Mengukur Trafo Dengan Multitester

• Putar batas ukur pada Ohmmeter X1K.
• Misal kaki primer A, B, C
• Misal kaki sekunder D, E, F.

MENGENAL & MENGUKUR KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIKA IC

7. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)

IC adalah gabungan dari beberapa komponen yang disatukan. Untuk menetukan baik tidaknya IC tidak bisa diukur dengan multitester tapi langsung dicoba ke rangkaian.

IC memiliki seri-seri tertentu. IC ada yang memiliki 3 pin, 8 pin, 16 pin, dan sebagainya. Pin no 1 biasanya ditandai dengan lingkaran kecil dekat pin tersebut. Contoh IC : LM 7812, UC 3842, TDA 1175, TDA 9302, dll.





Contoh IC Vertikal TDA 9302

Cara Reset Printer Canon IP 1980

Printer canon IP1980 perlu direset bila terjadi :

1. Blink 4x orange 1x green. (khusus blink ini cara mengatasinya baca di SINI)
2. Green orange berkedip bergantian selama 7x (Ink Absorber Full),
3. Orange 8x ink tank full

Berikut langkah-langkah Reset IP1980 :

1. Driver harus sudah di install. Jika belum punya drivernya klik disini.
2. Printer harus dalam keadaan service mode (temporary reset) .

Untuk mengaktifkan service mode:

• Cabut kabel power listrik
• Tekan power (di printer)
• Colokan power listrik (lampu akan berwarna hijau)
• Sambil menekan power tekan tombol resume (lampu berubah orange)
• Lepas keduanya (printer akan mati)
• Tekan tombol power lagi dan langsung lepaskan.(lampu akan berwarna hijau) (jangan mencabut power listrik)

3. Jalankan General Service Tool. Jika belum punya, download  DI SINI

4. Cabut power listrik, colokan kembali dan nyalakan (printer initial/tunggu sampai lampu tdk berkedip. Selesai

Cara menjalankan General Service Tool

1. Exctrak file yang anda download
2. Resolusi Windows harus 1024x768
3. Jalankan file "GeneralTool.exe"
4. Pilih USB Port
5. Centang Cleaning dan Eeprom Clear
6. Klik Main
7. Klik Platen
8. Selesai Quit
9. Matikan printer dengan menekan power.
   

Selesai , kemudian Anda tinggal mencobanya dengan mencabut kabel power printer dan memasangnya kembali, kemudian nyalakan printer anda......

Selamat mencoba ..................

MENGENAL & MENGUKUR KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIKA MOSFET

6. MOSFET

FET bentuk fisiknya seperti transistor. Fungsinya adalah untuk menaikkan tegangan atau menurunkan tegangan.
FET memiliki tiga kaki juga yaitu :

• GATE (G) adalah kaki input
• DRAIN (D) adalah kaki output
• SOURCE (S) adalah kaki sumber

Fungsinya biasanya digunakan pada rangkaian power supply jenis switching untuk menghasilkan tegangan tinggi untuk menggerakkan trafo.



Kakinya biasanya sudah pasti yaitu bila kita hadapkan FET ke arah kita maka urutan kakinya dari kiri ke kanan adalah GATE, DRAIN, SOURCE.

• Contoh FET penaik tegangan : K 793, K 1117, K 1214, IRF 630, IRF 730, IRF 620, dll.
• Contoh FET penurun tegangan : IRF 9610, IRF 9630, dll (biasanya 4 angka u/ IRF)



• FET PENAIK TEGANGAN
Cara mengukur :
Batas ukur Ohmmeter X10 / X1K





• FET PENURUN TEGANGAN
Cara mengukur :
Batas ukur Ohmmeter X10 / X1K